Domain Name System (DNS) is a system of converting domain names to designated IP address. As it is difficult for us humans to remember all the IP address of websites we want to visit so DNS helps us to convert the name of the website say google.com to the IP address. In order to understand …
Month: December 2019
When we talk about layer 2 we are talking about layer 2 of OSI model that is Data Link Layer. In data link layer has one broadcast domain but multiple collision domain. It is important to secure this layer as this will be the first line of defense that a user will connect to. The …
Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3) is a standard mail protocol used to receive emails from a remote server to a local email client. POP3 allows you to download email messages on your local computer and read them even when you are offline. Note, that when you use POP3 to connect to your email account, messages are …
SMTP is a method to transfer mail from one user to another. SMTP is a push protocol and is used to send the mail whereas POP (post office protocol) or IMAP (internet message access protocol) are used to retrieve those mails at the receiver’s side. SMTP is an application layer protocol. The client who wants …
Internet Communities use to distribute and share news using mailing lists. A mailing list is a list of subscriber’s email addresses. These mailing list would distribute the news by sending the entire news digital article to individual subscribers. This was extremely inefficient way to distribute news as it consumes resources like CPU, Network Bandwidth and …
Network Address Translation or NAT is a brilliant scheme to preserve IP addresses. Organizations are often assigned a limited number of public IP addresses. It would be extremely expensive to convert all private IP addresses to public addresses for outside communication. NAT offers a brilliant solution to this problem. NAT allows 3 different ways of …